Keystroke logging (often called keylogging) is the practice of tracking (or logging) the keys struck on a keyboard, typically in a covert manner so that the person using the keyboard is unaware that their actions are being monitored.
How keyloggers spread:
Keyloggers spread in much the same way that other malicious programs spread. Excluding cases where keyloggers are purchased and installed by a jealous spouse or partner, and the use of keyloggers by security services, keyloggers are mostly spread using the following methods.
- a keylogger can be installed when a user opens a file attached to an email;
- a keylogger can be installed when a file is launched from an open-access directory on a P2P network;
- a keylogger can be installed via a web page script which exploits a browser vulnerability. The program will automatically be launched when a user visits a infected site;
- a keylogger can be installed by another malicious program already present on the victim machine, if the program is capable of downloading and installing other malware to the system
How to protect yourself from keyloggers:
Most antivirus companies have already added known keyloggers to their databases, making protecting against keyloggers no different from protecting against other types of malicious program: install an antivirus product and keep its database up to date. However, since most antivirus products classify keyloggers as potentially malicious, or potentially undesirable programs, users should ensure that their antivirus product will, with default settings, detect this type of malware. If not, then the product should be configured accordingly, to ensure protection against most common keyloggers.
Let’s take a closer look at the methods that can be used to protect against unknown keyloggers or a keylogger designed to target a specific system.
Since the chief purpose of keyloggers is to get confidential data (bank card numbers, passwords, etc.), the most logical ways to protect against unknown keyloggers are as follows:
- using one-time passwords or two-step authentication,
- using a system with proactive protection designed to detect keylogging software,
- using a virtual keyboard..(on screen keyboard)
Using a one-time password can help minimize losses if the password you enter is intercepted, as the password generated can be used one time only, and the period of time during which the password can be used is limited. Even if a one-time password is intercepted, a cyber criminal will not be able to use it in order to obtain access to confidential information.
In order to get one-time passwords, you can use a special device such as:
a USB key (such as
Aladdin eToken NG OTP):
a ‘calculator’ (such as
RSA SecurID 900 Signing Token):
In order to generate one-time passwords, you can also use mobile phone text messaging systems that are registered with the banking system and receive a PIN-code as a reply
If either of the above devices is used to generate passwords, the procedure is as described below:
- the user connects to the Internet and opens a dialogue box where personal data should be entered;
- the user then presses a button on the device to generate a one-time password, and a password will appear on the device’s LCD display for 15 seconds;
- the user enters his user name, personal PIN code and the generated one-time password in the dialogue box (usually the PIN code and the key are entered one after the other in a single pass code field);
- the codes that are entered are verified by the server, and a decision is made whether or not the user may access confidential data.
When using a calculator device to generate a password, the user will enter his PIN code on the device 'keyboard' and press the ">" button.
One-time password generators are widely used by banking systems in Europe, Asia, the US and Australia. For example, Lloyds TSB, a leading bank, decided to use password generators back in November 2005.
In this case, however, the company has to spend a considerable amount of money as it had to acquire and distribute password generators to its clients, and develop/ purchase the accompanying software.
A more cost efficient solution is proactive protection on the client side, which can warn a user if an attempt is made to install or activate keylogging software.
The main drawback of this method is that the user is actively involved and has to decide what action should be taken. If a user is not very technically experienced, s/he might make the wrong decision, resulting in a keylogger being allowed to bypass the antivirus solution. However, if developers minimize user involvement, then keyloggers will be able to evade detection due to an insufficiently rigorous security policy. However, if settings are too stringent, then other, useful programs which contain legitimate keylogging functions might also be blocked.
The final method which can be used to protect against both keylogging software and hardware is using a virtual keyboard. A virtual keyboard is a program that shows a keyboard on the screen, and the keys can be 'pressed' by using a mouse.
The idea of an on-screen keyboard is nothing new - the Windows operating system has a built-in on-screen keyboard that can be launched as follows: Start > Programs > Accessories > Accessibility > On-Screen Keyboard.
However, on-screen keyboards aren’t a very popular method of outsmarting keyloggers. They were not designed to protect against cyber threats, but as an accessibility tool for disabled users. Information entered using an on-screen keyboard can easily be intercepted by a malicious program. In order to be used to protect against keyloggers, on-screen keyboards have to be specially designed in order to ensure that information entered or transmitted via the on-screen keyboard cannot be intercepted.
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